Optical Camera Communication in Vehicular Applications: A Review

Recently, substantial development is observed in the area of Internet Vehicles owing to application wireless communication technologies. Majority these technologies are based on radio frequency (RF); however, RF spectra overly congested and regulated, hence, insufficient support massive data traffic future. In recent times, optical camera (OCC) that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) as transmitter receiver has been deemed an excellent solution for future intelligent transportation systems. As medium, OCC mostly visible light, spectrum which vast, completely free, unregulated. The current outdoor environment heavily crammed with LED infrastructures, most vehicles have built-in cameras, rendering immensely promising. highly secured, supports mobility, can achieve bit-error rate. However, rate obtained using not high other RF-based systems; therefore, its reliability fast-changing channels still under research. This review article discusses applications system vehicle-to-vehicle vehicle-to-infrastructure (or vice versa) networks; best our knowledge, this first extensive dedicated above topic. Herein, we provide general overview standardization IEEE ISO years. Then, explain principles OCC, including channel characteristics, region interest signaling, modulation schemes particularly considered vehicular communications. Additionally, present comprehensive effects noise, interference OCC. Finally, challenges opportunities outlined.